Published: 2024-12-17 07:10

韓国大統領の弾劾を求めるデモと、民主主義を照らす灯火──連載:松岡宗嗣の時事コラム

韓国(ユン・ソンニョル)大統領の弾劾訴追採決合わせ、ソウルで市民の大規模なデモが行われた。現場歩い松岡宗嗣がリポートする。

【写真を見る】K-POPに合わせてペンライトを振るデモ文化?

韓国・ソウルで7日、15万もの人々ろうそくやペンライトを持ち国会議事堂前に集まっていた。尹(ユン・ソンニョル)大統領による戒厳令発布数時間後の解除という“騒動”から週末。そこには、あきれかえりつつ民主主義守ろうとする声、寒空の下それぞれ灯火を手に国会見つめる人々姿があった。

現在も続く、韓国の市民によるデモの様子をレポートしたい。

「恥ずかしい」。ソウル在住友人は、戒厳令宣言解除めぐってこう語った。

12月3日の夜、尹大統領突如非常戒厳」を宣布した。戒厳令は、国家非常事態国会機能や法律などを一部停止し、による統制を行う法令だ。集会やデモなどは禁止され、メディアも統制されるなど、国民権利大きく制限される。

突然発令速報知り思わず声が出た。一体何が起きているのかとニュースを追うと、尹大統領の「破廉恥北の反国家勢力一挙排除する」「国会犯罪者集団巣窟中略自由民主主義体制転覆企てている」といった、目を疑うような言葉の数々並んでいた。

韓国憲法では、国会議員過半数賛成すれば戒厳令解除することができると示されている。

発令後すぐ野党代表議員たちに国会集まるよう呼びかけた。一方政権物理的にこれを止めよう投入一触即発かと思いきや、結局議員らは国会に入ることができ、発令わずか6時間後に戒厳令解除された。

一連騒動についてメディアの報道を見ると、冒頭友人のように「わけがわからない」「世界に対して恥ずかしい思いだ」といっ韓国市民の声が少なくなかった。

ただあきれかえるのと同時に、民主化逆行させようとした尹大統領行為深刻とらえる声も多かった。

6日、ソウルの乙支路4街駅で再会し、一緒にプルコギジョンゴルを食べていた友人から「7日の土曜日に、国会前で大統領弾劾求める大規模集会行われる」という情報教えてもらった。デモに参加するのかと聞くと、友人当然のような顔で「もちろん」と答えていた。

# 言葉 意味
6 だいとうりょう (大統領) : 1. president (of a nation) 2. big man; boss; buddy; mate
6 こっかい (国会) : 1. National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-) 2. Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947)
5 かんこく (韓国) : 1. South Korea; Republic of Korea 2. Korean Empire (1897-1910)
5 かいげんれい (戒厳令) : martial law
4 かいじょ (解除) : cancellation; rescinding; release; calling off; lifting (sanctions); delisting
4 ゆうじん (友人) : friend
3 はつれい (発令) : official announcement; proclamation
2 いん (尹) : director (of the ritsuryo-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office)
2 すず (錫) : tin (Sn)
2 えつ (悦) : self-satisfaction; rejoicing
2 あわせる (合わせる) : 1. to match (rhythm, speed, etc.) 2. to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
2 だいきぼ (大規模) : large-scale
2 おこなう (行う) : to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
2 ひとびと (人々) : 1. people; men and women 2. each person; everybody
2 あつまる (集まる) : to gather; to collect; to assemble
2 そうどう (騒動) : 1. strife; riot; rebellion; turmoil 2. (media) uproar; brouhaha; (public) outcry; scandal; controversy
2 あきれかえる (呆れ返る) : to be utterly amazed; to be stunned; to be disgusted
2 ぐん (軍) : 1. army; armed forces; troops 2. military authorities
2 とうせい (統制) : regulation; control
2 しゅうかい (集会) : meeting; assembly; gathering; congregation; convention; rally
2 おもう (思う) : 1. to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon 2. to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
2 ゆう (結う) : 1. to do up (hair); to dress; to arrange 2. to tie; to bind; to fasten; to make (a fence)
2 ぎいん (議員) : member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
1 あん (案) : 1. idea; plan; proposal; suggestion; (government) bill 2. draft; rough copy
1 さいけつ (採決) : vote; ballot; division
1 げんば (現場) : 1. actual spot; scene; scene of the crime; site; location; setting 2. shop floor; factory floor; (on) site
1 あるく (歩く) : to walk
1 はやし (松岡) : Hayashi (surname)
1 そうし (宗嗣) : Soushi (given)
1 ふる (振る) : 1. to wave; to shake; to swing 2. to sprinkle; to throw (dice)
1 やく (約) : 1. approximately; about 2. promise; appointment; engagement
1 ろうそく (蝋燭) : candle
1 もつ (持つ) : 1. to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry 2. to possess; to have; to own
1 こっかいぎじどう (国会議事堂) : national parliament or congress building (e.g. National Diet Building (Japan), United States Capitol (USA), Houses of Parliament (UK), etc.)
1 はっぷ (発布) : proclamation; promulgation
1 すうじかん (数時間) : a few hours
1 はつ (初) : first; new
1 しゅうまつ (週末) : weekend
1 みんしゅしゅぎ (民主主義) : democracy
1 まもる (守る) : 1. to protect; to guard; to defend 2. to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
1 さむぞら (寒空) : wintry sky; cold weather (in winter); wintry weather
1 それぞれ (夫れ夫れ) : each; respectively
1 ひ (灯) : light; lamp; torch
1 みつめる (見つめる) : to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
1 すがた (姿) : 1. figure; form; shape 2. appearance; dress; guise
1 げんざい (現在) : now; current; present; present time; as of
1 ようす (様子) : 1. state; state of affairs; situation; circumstances 2. appearance; look; aspect
1 ざいじゅう (在住) : residing; living; dwelling
1 せんげん (宣言) : declaration; proclamation; announcement
1 めぐる (巡る) : 1. to go around 2. to return
1 かたる (語る) : 1. to talk about; to speak of; to tell; to narrate 2. to recite; to chant
1 とつじょ (突如) : suddenly; all of a sudden
1 ひじょう (非常) : 1. emergency 2. extraordinary; unusual
1 かいげん (戒厳) : martial law
1 せんぷ (宣布) : proclamation; dissemination; promulgation
1 こっか (国家) : state; country; nation
1 ひじょうじたい (非常事態) : state of emergency
1 きのう (機能) : function; facility; faculty; feature
1 いちぶ (一部) : 1. one part; one portion; one section; some 2. one copy (e.g. of a document)
1 ていし (停止) : 1. stoppage; coming to a stop; halt; standstill 2. ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); interruption (e.g. of electricity supply); cutting off
1 ほうれい (法令) : laws and ordinances; acts (of parliament, congress, etc.)
1 きんし (禁止) : prohibition; inhibition; ban
1 こくみん (国民) : people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
1 けんり (権利) : right; privilege
1 おおきく (大きく) : in a big way; on a grand scale
1 せいげん (制限) : restriction; restraint; limitation; limit
1 とつぜん (突然) : abrupt; sudden; unexpected
1 そくほう (速報) : news flash; prompt report; bulletin; quick announcement
1 しる (知る) : 1. to be aware of; to know; to be conscious of; to cognize; to cognise 2. to notice; to feel
1 いったい (一体) : 1. (what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth 2. one object; one body; unity
1 おきる (起きる) : 1. to get up; to rise; to blaze up (fire) 2. to wake up; to be awake; to stay awake
1 おう (追う) : 1. to chase; to run after; to pursue; to follow after 2. to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.)
1 はれんち (破廉恥) : shameless; infamous; disgraceful
1 じゅう (従) : subordinate; secondary; junior; incidental
1 せいりょく (勢力) : influence; power; might; strength; potency; force; energy
1 いっきょ (一挙) : one effort; one action
1 はいじょ (排除) : exclusion; removal; rejection; elimination; abatement; lifting (sanctions, etc.)
1 はんざいしゃ (犯罪者) : criminal; culprit
1 しゅうだん (集団) : group; mass
1 そうくつ (巣窟) : den; haunt; hangout; nest; lair
1 ちゅうりゃく (中略) : omission (of middle part of a text); ellipsis
1 じゆうみんしゅしゅぎ (自由民主主義) : liberal democracy
1 たいせい (体制) : order; system; structure; set-up; organization; organisation
1 てんぷく (転覆) : 1. overturning; capsizing 2. overthrow (e.g. of a government)
1 くわだてる (企てる) : 1. to plan; to plot; to propose; to design; to intend; to contemplate 2. to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business)
1 うたがう (疑う) : to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
1 しばしば (屡々) : often; again and again; frequently; repeatedly
1 ならぶ (並ぶ) : 1. to line up; to stand in a line 2. to rival; to match; to equal
1 けんぽう (憲法) : 1. constitution 2. rules; regulation
1 こっかいぎいん (国会議員) : member of the Diet; Diet member; member of parliament; MP
1 かはんすう (過半数) : majority
1 さんせい (賛成) : approval; agreement; support; favour; favor
1 しめす (示す) : 1. to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent 2. to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
1 やとう (野党) : opposition party; political opposition; opposition
1 だいひょう (代表) : 1. representative; representation; delegation; type; example; model 2. switchboard number; main number
1 よびかける (呼びかける) : 1. to call out to; to hail; to address 2. to appeal
1 いっぽう (一方) : 1. one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party 2. on the one hand; on the other hand
1 せいけん (政権) : (political) administration; political power
1 ぶつりてき (物理的) : physical
1 とめる (止める) : 1. to stop; to turn off 2. to park
1 とうにゅう (投入) : 1. throwing in; inserting; depositing (e.g. a ballot) 2. investment; commitment (of funds, personnel, etc.); injection; infusion
1 いっしょくそくはつ (一触即発) : critical (touch and go) situation; explosive situation
1 けっきょく (結局) : 1. after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually 2. conclusion; end
1 わずか (僅か) : 1. (a) little; (a) few; slight; small (amount); trifling; meagre; meager 2. only; just; merely
1 いちれん (一連) : 1. series; chain; sequence 2. two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper)
1 ほうどう (報道) : report (of news); reporting; news; information; (media) coverage
1 ぼうとう (冒頭) : beginning; start; outset
1 わかる (分かる) : 1. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow 2. to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out
1 たいする (対する) : 1. to face (each other); to be facing 2. to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to be related to
1 おもい (思い) : 1. thought 2. imagination; mind; heart
1 ただ (只) : 1. ordinary; common; usual 2. free of charge
1 どうじ (同時) : simultaneous; concurrent; same time; synchronous; together
1 みんしゅか (民主化) : democratization; democratisation
1 ぎゃっこう (逆行) : 1. reverse movement; retrogression; going backwards; moving in the wrong direction; running counter to (e.g. the laws of nature); running against (e.g. the tide of the times) 2. retrogradation; retrogression
1 こうい (行為) : act; deed; conduct
1 しんこく (深刻) : serious; severe; grave; acute
1 とらえる (捉える) : 1. to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest; to grab; to catch hold of 2. to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to capture (e.g. features)
1 さいかい (再会) : another meeting; meeting again; reunion
1 たべる (食べる) : 1. to eat 2. to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
1 だんがい (弾劾) : 1. impeachment 2. denunciation; accusation; censure; arraignment
1 もとめる (求める) : 1. to want; to wish for 2. to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
1 じょうほう (情報) : 1. information; news; intelligence; advices 2. information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
1 おしえる (教える) : 1. to teach; to instruct 2. to tell; to inform
1 さんか (参加) : participation; joining; entry; adherence
1 とうぜん (当然) : 1. natural; right; proper; just; reasonable; appropriate; deserved 2. naturally; as a matter of course; rightly; deservedly; justly; of course
1 こたえる (答える) : to answer; to reply